Artistic swimming is a sport that consists of doing a choreography in a pool, synchronized with each other and accompanied by underwater music. Combine swimming with dance and gymnastics. It works on the physical skills of a swimmer, a water polo player and a dancer: strength, endurance, flexibility and speed, among others. The first water dancer was the Australian Annette Kellermann at the beginning of the 20th century. It has been an Olympic sport since 1984. The competition is governed by the regulations of the International Swimming Federation.

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Since the 20th century, synchronized swimming has been predominantly considered a women's sport, with the Summer Olympics featuring only women's duet and team events. However, international, national and regional competitions may allow men to compete, and FINA introduced a new mixed duet competition at the World Swimming Championships in 2015. FINA officially renamed the sport 'synchronized swimming' in the "artistic swimming" in 2017, a decision that has met with a mixed reception.